Woman Unknown by Rabindranath Tagore

WOMAN UNKNOWN- Rabindranath Tagore **************************************************************** By P. Baburaj, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of English, Sherubtse college, Bhutan Author of: Language and writing, DSB Publication Thimphu Communicative English, P. K. Books, Calicut A perception on Literary Criticism, P. K. Books, Calicut ****************************************************************** ? First person narrative. ? A 27 year old man namely Anupam who is immersed in Indian tradition and culture. Exposes the Indian culture of the period, main cultural practices, especially arranged marriage and dowry system. ? Breaking away from the stereotypical role for ones rights with subtlety and understatement. Features ? Prologue ? Flash back(see bluffing) ? Epilogue ? Understatement Prologue-The opening section of a work; a kind of introduction which is part of the work and not prefatory. it was common in drama in the 17th and 18th century. Epilogue-Three meanings may be distinguished : a short speech to be delivered at the end of a play.It often makes some graceful and witty comment on what has happened and ask for approval, if not the indulgence, of the audience (b) the end of a fable. Where the moral is pointed(c)the concluding section or paragraph of any literary work, sometimes added a summary, but more often as an afterthought. Theme-The socialtradition like arranged marriages, dowry system and its evil impacts are discussed in the story. Tagore made a social criticism on the institution of marriage and dowry system in Indian society. The writer exposes the vanity and pompousness of Indian marriages.Setting 1. Anupam’s house in Culcatta 2. Kanpur,Kalyan’residence 3. Small portion in the train Conflicts Internal conflicts? Anupam versus Anupam ? Kalyani versus Kalyani ? External conflicts? Anupam versus uncle and mother. ? Uncle versus ShambunathBabu/Kalyani. ? Anupam family versus the society. ? Stream of anger versus revenge. ? Stream of love versus forgiveness. â€Å"There is room here â€Å"it has been echoing in the mind of Anupam. He lived with that sw eet voice though he had no hope of marrying her,Anupam lived in the faith that she might change his mind one day.But Kalyani dedicated her service to girl’s education. Anupam is projected as a Meek and week man . Usually ladies are projected as shy and nervous, but Kalyani in this story appears as a bold-hearted girl, capable to stand in her own feet and face all the consequences of life and teaches her community to break away from the stereotypical role of an Indian woman. Anupam’s uncle ? ? ? Very miserly Cunning and shrewd man Behaves like a responsible person involved with all the worries of the family. ************************************

Factors that Led to the Industrial Development of the United States 1816 †1845 Essay

The industrial development of the United States from 1816 to 1845 was dramatic and incredibly expedited. This leads many in the modern era to look back to examine what factors contributed to such growth and expansion. There were many factors and the most important are worth noting. see more:industrialization resulted in what changes to american society? In the previous century, the United States was mostly a farming based economy. While farms would still remain a major component of the economy in the 1800’s, the development of factories (Particularly in the north) greatly expanded the industrialization of the nation. Even in farming communities, â€Å"scaled down† automated systems would dramatically alter society. The development of cigarette rolling machines, for example, helped increase cigarette production (and tobacco farming output) enormously. Another major contributing factor to the development of industry was the great expansion of transportation. In particular, the creation of the railroad system would essentially make interstate commerce and industrialization expand far more rapidly than it would without the railroads. Also contributing to this facet of industrialization was the development of turnpikes and canals. Really, the expansion of transportation methods had significant impact in the industrialization of the United States. Urbanization was also a factor in the industrial development of the United States. Basically, metropolitan areas had become enormously crowded due to the need for a huge labor force in the textiles industry. Eventually, this led to sanitation problems which soon led to innovations in maintaining sanitation and pollution. These innovations helped develop the mindset that one needed to rely on industrial and automated solutions to problems due to lower costs and greater efficiency. Of course, there were many more factors that led to the expansion of the industrialized society. However, the growth of factories, transportation, automation, and urban living were among the most important factors. Bibliography Zinn, Howard (2005). A People’s History of the United States: 1492 to Present .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New York, NY: Harper Perennial Modern Classics .

Victim Participation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Victim Participation - Essay Example In most cases, forensic criminologists and detectives work together with the criminal victims in order to gather evidence or encompass DNA samples, gather fingerprints at the crime scene or collect eyewitness statements. Alternatively, prosecutors also work with the criminal victims in order to establish the actual criminal events and testimonies during the trial (Das, 1997). Historically, the victim’s role in any criminal prosecution remains critical. The testimony of the victim therefore remains an important element in case there is need for an effective prosecution. In any prosecution and investigation, there is the need for a victim’s cooperation, which might often result in the prosecutor’s discretion exercise in favor of the prosecution. The participation of the victim in the criminal case is therefore critical and desirable (Das, 1997). However, within different basic frameworks, there are actions, which generally limit the role of the victims in participating in the criminal justice process. In most cases, the participation of the criminal victims in the case might be limited only when their presence will significantly make the process in effective (Das,

Cause & Effect Analysis Essay on Rapper Fifty Cent

Cause & Effect Analysis on Rapper Fifty Cent - Essay Example It was when 50 Cent was sent to live with his grandmother that he claimed to start adjusting to the street life. When he was only twelve, 50 Cent began selling drugs and bringing guns with him on his school campus. Even after he was caught by the metal detectors at his school, he still continued doing what he did. When 50 Cent was sixteen years old, he was arrested for selling cocaine to an undercover police officer. After being released, he was arrested not too long after once police discover cocaine, heroine, and a gun in his household. Though he was given three to nine years in prison, he only served six months in a shock incarceration boot camp where he earned his GED. It was during that time that he adopted the name â€Å"50 Cent,† using it as a metaphor for â€Å"change,† which was 50 Cent’s goal for life. All that he had put himself through was due to the influences of his mother’s life and the goings-on in the neighborhood that he lived in. As 50 Cent got older, he began to experiment with music, discovering his talents of rapping. He continued this until his career officially took off after meeting the famous rapper Eminem. Unfortunately, the life he grew up with was one that he kept with him during his music career, often using his experiences and situations as the foundations for the majority of his songs. However, things did change for him after the birth of his son in 1997, when 50 Cent became determined to give his son the life that he was deprived of when he grew up. The way someone behaves in life or responds to situations usually goes hand-in-hand with how they were raised, or the situation in which they were raised, such as the environment of both the family and the neighborhood. 50 Cent, despite the birth of his son and his want to better his life because of his son, was still brought up in a way that would have an effect on who he

Education Pamphlet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education Pamphlet - Essay Example A diet program can be organized with the health professionals in the local community health centres. This programme can include a meal plan or suggestions of healthy meal components for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. This diet program must be low cholesterol, low in sodium, low in sugar, low in fat, and high in fibre. It must also be a balanced diet with a high concentration of fruits and vegetables (Shai, et.al., 2008). Regular weighing and monitoring of cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels must also be carried out in coordination with the local health centres (Jackson, et.al., 2009). This would help ensure early prevention and management of heart diseases. Coordination with local producers of fruits and vegetables to supply supermarkets and elderly consumers with their regular supply of produce (Herman, et.al., 2008). This would help ensure that regular supply of these essential goods is available and that the older adults can get the produce at possibly discounted prices. An exercise program can be organized on a daily basis with the local community health professionals, specifically, those with exercise training backgrounds (Shumway-Cook, et.al., 2007). This exercise programme can be done in batches, on two schedules, one in the morning and another in the afternoon based on the convenience of the patients. The programme has to be safe and appropriate for the older adults, and fashioned to their tolerance and activities which would not cause them injury (Rolland, et.al., 2007). An exercise program can also be carried out based on the conditions of each patient. Some patients may prefer to jog or walk in order to maintain their weight; some may choose to dance or to do aerobics; and others may choose weight training in order to maintain or reduce their weight (Boyd, 2008). What is important is that they can comply with their minimum activity requirement for the day in order to

Mesopotamia Creation Stories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mesopotamia Creation Stories - Essay Example This is because a text's genre serves to channel writers and readers by providing a common ground to determine the production and interpretation of specific texts. Biblical and Mesopotamian creation stories are linguistically, culturally, and historically very different from modern day ways of thinking, experiencing and interpreting the world. So as to correctly as possible interpret the writings of Genesis it is necessary to school oneself in other Near Eastern creation stories. The present paper will compare and contrast Mesopotamian creation stories with that of the Bible. Firstly, the creation story, "Epic of Creation" will be used to develop the Mesopotamian interpretation of how the cosmos and humankind came to be. Secondly, the Biblical interpretation of creation of this universe and humans will be presented. Next, issues of translation will be addressed. Finally, a conclusion shall synthesize the main arguments of the paper, and demonstrate the critical need for comparative analysis of creation stories in the Near East. The Mesopotamian myth of creation is quite violent, especially with regard to later civilizations, such as Egypt, and the later Biblical Creation Story. ... In turn these serpents produced Anshar, the heavens, and Kishar, the earthly world. And from these two came the great gods, Anu, Enlil, and Ea, as well as the other gods of the sky, earth, and the underworld. Many of these new gods were noisy, which upset Apsu and Tiamat, since they could not rest. These primordial goddesses then discussed whether they should annihilate their progeny. When Ea, the all-knowing, learned of Apsu's plan to destroy the gods he used his magic to capture her and Mummu. Tiamat was furious and created a monstrous army of gods and freak creatures to punish Ea and his cohorts. Ea went to his father Anshar, and Anshar advised him to send Anu to fight Tiamat. But both Anu and Ea were afraid of the goddess and her army. Then Ea called Marduk forth. Marduk promised to conquer Tiamat if he were given supreme authority over the gods. The gods agreed that he was to have lordship scepter, the throne, and an invincible weapon. Armed with bow and arrows, lightning, the winds, a hurricane, and a special net, Marduk rode forth to meet Tiamat in his chariot, which was a tempest, drawn by four fearsome steeds. They clashed and Marduk caught Tiamat in his net. When she opened her mouth to swallow him, Marduk let loose the hurricane, which filled her jaws and belly, thereby stunning her. The Marduk shot an arrow into her belly and killed her. Tiamat's army fled in confusion at her downfall, but Marduk caught them in his net, chained them, and cast them into the underworld. As he was cutting up Tiamat's body, Marduk conceived a plan. From one half he made the dome of the heavens, and with the other half he made the earth. He

A Great Deal of Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

A Great Deal of Stress - Essay Example I recently uncovered that one of our members was selling these very same exams via the school website to people outside of the BSP community. The fact that people outside of our program were receiving these past examination papers did not bother me much. What really disturbed me was that the culprit was profiting from a resource that is normally free. It was a difficult decision to make because I was personally close to the person doing this. I was in a dilemma – I also wanted to protect the integrity of the program along with all of its benefits. I could not even seek help from others. It was a question of making a value-driven decision, which potentially puts our friendship at stake. However tough it may have been, I finally chose to go by what my conscience told me. I brought it to the attention of the Director and the Assistant Directors. Appropriate disciplinary action was taken and there were no major implications to the program and the organization. If I had to deal with a similar circumstance in the future, I would still have made the same choice, of abiding by the principles and values that I have earned through my upbringing. While it may be easy to decide, on the contrary, it will be strongly against my core values and principles. And since I have always lived by and made principle-driven decisions, I have not felt regret or resentment having made such a decision, because I am aware that with all conscience, I am doing what I ought to do.

Performance and Reward Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance and Reward Management - Assignment Example The above issue is critically discussed in this paper. Reference is made particularly to the potential decrease of the payroll costs without the corporate plans to be affected. The reward practices, as a tool for supporting employee motivation, are analytically explained because of their high contribution in the increase of payroll costs. Particular emphasis is given on the problematic relations between the reward policies and practices since the above problems can negatively affect the payroll costs of organizations. A series of studies related to the issues under discussion have been studied. It is made clear that the limitation of payroll costs, as a strategic target of firms in different industries, is feasible; however, it is not clear whether the above finding involves in all organizations or whether there are organizations where the limitation of payroll costs is more difficult – especially when the need for increased profits, even in the short term is high and the limi tation of payroll costs would negatively affect such effort. In any case, the decrease of payroll costs should be adopted by all organizations, which are interested in establishing a long-term growth. The use of specific strategies, as indicatively suggested below, could help these firms to be protected from failures in their plans, as a potential consequence of the limitation of payroll costs across their departments. 2. Reward policies – role and forms In everyday business practice, the term ‘reward’ is used instead of the terms ‘salary’ and ‘wages’ (Cowling et al. 1998, p.173). In other words, the particular term is used in order to show all the potential benefits of an employee from his work in a specific organization. Moreover, the term reward can include both the monetary and the non-monetary benefits of employee in the workplace (Cowling et al. 1998, p.173). It should be noted that reward, as described previously, is part of a gre ater framework, the reward system, which has specific structure and rules as explained below. Moreover, in the context described above, reward can affect the payroll system of each organization (which under these terms is considered equal to the reward system). For this reason, the evaluation of the potential limitation of the payroll costs of a particular organization requires the reference to the reward system of the specific organization. The reward system of each organization can be differentiated, in accordance with the organizational culture and goals but also with the resources available for the realization of the relevant plans. In accordance with Armstrong (2007) the reward system established in modern organizations is likely to include a series of policies and practices, as for example: a) a reward strategy including the future plans of the organization regarding the payroll of employees, b) a reward strategy that refers to the terms on which the payment of employees in va rious organizational departments is based – compared to the average salary of employments within the same industrial sector; the particular strategy needs to be based on the relevant provisions of the law – referring both to the type of the reward given to each employee but also to the level of the reward, c) a reward practice referring to the techniques used for estimating the effectiveness of job evaluation techniques – as developed within the local or the international

Seigel v. Merrill Lynch Case Analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seigel v. Merrill Lynch Analysis - Case Study Example As a matter of fact, Seigel was obliged to make these payments anyway. There was no reason for him to stop making these payments. It is also a fact that he had given instructions to Merrill Lynch to stop payment against the checks issued by him to the casinos against gambling chips. However, the court ruled that since Seigel had not suffered any actual loss and the checks were payments rightfully made in view of his gambling dues, Merrill Lynch could not be convicted for any wrong doing. Prima facie, Merrill Lynch erred in not adhering to the instructions to stop payments against the checks. It was a mistake on the part of Merrill Lynch to pass the checks after having received instructions from their client, Seigel, to stop making payments against these checks. In fact, Merrill Lynch did stop payments against many checks issued to the casinos by Seigel. However, they did not fully adhere to instructions and cleared certain checks amounting to $143,000 issued by Seigel to these casinos. The court's view that since Seigel abrogated his rights to these monies after losing them to the casinos, he could not seek legal reprieve even if Merrill Lynch had overlooked his instructions to stop payment against these checks appear proper and fair.

Discuss the positive and negative social impacts of staging Major Essay

Discuss the positive and negative social impacts of staging Major events - Essay Example Event management and marketing is an important strategic part of the marketing strategic planning within any industry. The role of marketing and event marketing becomes a key element of success for a company strategy in the phase of the life cycle that is near launch and after launch. Event marketing, in the last decade, is increasingly dealt within an integrated marketing communications perspective. Event marketing and management provides a superior competitive advantage when managed within the integrated marketing communications framing. Events are described by O’Toole and Mikolaitis as â€Å"a means of communicating corporate messages†1. Pickton and Broderick describe how events are means of targeting and positioning within a given market. The authors show how the message passes across and maximizes its leverage through an integrated marketing communications approach. Events organized directly or indirectly by pharmaceutical companies for example must be held in the towns and offices chosen for logistics, scientific and organizational reasons and be characterized by an appropriate participation of physicians and by an expert scientific program. Town with an exclusively tourist vocation must not be used as venues. The participants invited to meetings must be chosen on an international, national or at least regional basis. This indeed forms the societal link of staging events in different areas and should be understood as such. The positive impacts of staging major events include the fact that they bring in value and ability that can easily be showcased across the board. People will get to know what kind of talent exists and thus comprehend how major events are held within their close proximity. They will also find out how people can dress up, show their own selves and bring out the very best of skills and abilities. Different event management regimes therefore learn from these quarters because they want to tell the people that the world is their own stage and that they can show them what they are made up of what their real worth is, in the long run. The positive impacts of staging major events are that they look classy and have a special demeanor about their own selves. This is one of the reasons why staging major events in the time and age of today is the ‘in’ thing, and the same will develop even further in the coming times. The staging of major events goes down well with the event management companies and organizations which have drafted policies that take care of the details that go along well with the management and staging of such events. There is a discussion that centers on the premise of comprehending how these major events should be tackled and what are the repercussions in the case of an anomaly that might arise in the future. What needs to be understood here is the fact that major events are a source of confidence and encouragement for the audiences and more than that the people themselves who are staging them in the first place. Much research goes within the domains of major events as regards to their staging and management regimes, and one needs to comprehend all of these in order to move ahead further. More than anything else, there is a dire need to realize the true potential of these major events which can literally make or break careers of individuals as well as put the organizations within the industrial concerns of today. The major events also

Evaluation of International Investment Location Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of International Investment Location Essay We are an International car components manufacturing company located in Australia. We are seeking for investment opportunities in the automotive sector in attractive international markets. For this purpose our syndicate has short listed two countries viz. China and India. This report provides detailed analysis of the two countries in terms of the political and economic environments in addition to the competitive factors in the automotive sector. Political factors Political environment in an economy has a very strong influence on the investment decisions in that country. There are various political factors which affect investment decision such as environmental regulations and protection, tax policies, international trade regulations and restrictions, contract enforcement law, consumer protection, employment laws, government organization and its attitude towards investment, competition regulation, safety regulations etc†¦ The following table shows a comparison between the political factors in between the two countries. (The ranking is given by â€Å"doingbusiness. org† which is a part of the World Bank group) Starting a business is relatively easier in India which requires 13 procedures to be completed and it takes around a month to complete these procedures. In China there are 14 procedures to be completed to start a new business which require 40 days. Dealing with construction permits is a difficult process in China. There are 37 processes to be completed to get the construction permits and it takes around 336 days to complete all those processes. However in India, there are only 20 processes that need to be completed which can be completed in around 224 days. Though employing workers in China is not as much a difficult affair today as compared to the situation in 2008, the condition in India is much better compared to China. Hiring is a very easy affair in India as compared to China however firing could be much difficult in the Indian environment as compared to the Chinese environment. Registering property in India is a difficult affair as compared to China. While China ranks 30th in terms of ease of registering property, India’s rank has dropped down to 114 in 2009 from 105 in 2008. Getting credit in India is relatively easier as compared to China. The â€Å"doingbusiness. org† ranking in the â€Å"protecting investors† category for China is more than double the ranking of India. This indicates that the protection of the interests of the investors is given much more importance in India than in China. The ease with which taxes could be paid in China has been improved a lot in 2009 as compared to 2008. However it has remained unaltered in India. The Chinese government encourages trading across borders and hence it is much easier to do international trading in China than in India. Enforcing contracts is a very difficult affair in India as compared to China. In India there are around 46 procedures to be completed and it takes around 180 days to complete all those procedures however in China there are only34 procedures which can be completed which could be done in a span of 18 days. Closing a business is a difficult affair in India as compared to China. It takes are around 10 years to close down a business in India as compared to a mere 1. 7 years in case of China. Given the rapid transformations in their economies, the Chinese and Indian governments are still trying to determine whether and how to differentiate between domestic and foreign enterprises and what types of policies to adopt for each category of firm. For example, China’s new enterprise income tax law eliminates the tax advantages that foreign enterprises historically enjoyed over domestic ones, and a new antimonopoly law may put fresh restrictions on acquisitions within China by foreign firms. Meanwhile in India, the government is often ruled by a coalition of widely disparate partners, populated by incumbents who almost always lose in the next election†¦ Economic instability is another concern. From early 2007 to early 2008, manufacturing costs in southern China, where many mul ¬tinationals have set up shop, have increased by as much as 40 percent. A rapid increase in the cost of raw materials and energy as well as new labor laws and environmental regulations are the chief reasons. India’s labor costs have thus far been relatively stable. (Gupta, Wang 2009) Thus there is political risk involved in both the countries. However many consider that the Indias soft attributes, such as a democratic government and a free press pose a lesser long term threat than Chinas Hard aspects such as a communist government with a restricted freedom for the press. Both China and India are on the same path of globalization. Both the countries have liberalized their economies and opened the doors of their economies to foreign investments. While China was autarkic in its pre-reform period, India had a highly regulated economy with heavy restrictions on the private investments. However, the economic reforms have made China more capitalistic in nature and India has opened up its economy for private investors.

Dance - Girl Essay Example for Free

Dance Girl Essay Dance, Girl, Dance is a film from the Classical Hollywood period that presents a complicated reading when viewed through a feminist lens. The 1940 film was directed by Dorothy Arzner, one of the most notable female directors and the only prominent woman in Hollywood at that time. Arzner presents her audience with an array of female characters, the main characters being Judy O’brien and Bubbles/Tiger Lily White. Judy is a dedicated dancer, honing her talents as a ballerina. Bubbles, on the other hand, uses her looks and sexuality to land jobs as a burlesque dancer. Dance, Girl, Dance reveals these characters’ experience in a dance troupe with several other girls. When the troupe disbands, Bubbles comes to offer Judy a humiliating job as her stooge. As tensions rise, the two eventually come to blows, quite literally, when both fall for the same man, Jimmy Harris. Through their relationship with each other and with men, a dynamic is defined that gives insight into the power of the male gaze and sexual politics, not only in the film but also in society at large in the context of 1930s America. This can be seen in the analysis of a particular scene near the beginning of the film. Judy and one of her roommates, Sally, are preparing for bed after their performance at the nightclub in the opening scene. Bubbles, their third roommate, arrives at home after a disappointing outing with Jimmy. This scene specifically highlights the contrast between the personalities of Judy and Bubbles, and speaks to the many ways female characters are coded based on their sexuality and appearance. The analysis of the scene begins at the moment Bubbles enters the room. She comes into the frame through the doorway in a medium shot. It is important to note her costume, as it speaks to her character. She is wearing makeup, jewelry, a fox fur stole around her shoulders and a feathered hat. One may get the impression that she is trying to look as glamorous or ostentatious as possible on her limited budget. At this point, Bubbles has already been partly established as a brash woman who does not shy away from her ability to attract men. This can be contrasted with Judy’s costume during this scene, modest button-up pajamas. The scene continues as Bubbles enters the tiny apartment. She turns on the light, when Judy whispers that Sally is asleep from off camera. Bubbles leaves the light on, looks down at Sally in the bed, and proceeds to loudly close the door while muttering â€Å"So, what? † As she delivers her dialogue, the camera follows her as she walks to her bed, panning over to include Judy in a two shot. One key element in this simple interaction is the difference of attitude toward female solidarity between Bubbles and Judy. Judy obviously cares to not disturb Sally, while Bubbles seems disappointed and only concerned with her own problems at this point. Then, the camera cuts to a close shot of Sally lying in bed, smiling and clearly awake. She then closes her eyes and continues to try and sleep, rendering her unimportant to the rest of the scene. The next cut brings us back to a long, two shot of Bubbles and Judy as they discuss what happened to Bubbles that evening. Bubbles is explaining how she had gone out with Jimmy, but he suddenly left her at the bar after giving her a little stuffed bull. In this shot, Bubbles is in the foreground, a little closer to the camera than Judy, making her appear slightly larger. This could be interpreted as signifying her social dominance over Judy, and the fact that she â€Å"stole† Jimmy from Judy earlier that evening. Bubbles dismissively tosses the bull onto a chair in front of Judy. Judy picks it up, stating â€Å"It’s cute. † Bubbles tells her that she can have it. The audience is clearly meant to get the impression that the token of the night has no significance to Bubbles, and she is merely disappointed that she could not add Jimmy to her list of men to dote on her occasionally. The camera stays stationary as Bubble walks to the background of the shot and sits on her bed. Judy gently places the bull back on the chair, already showing signs of her eventual fetishization of the bull and Jimmy. Then, she continues to bend and stretch her legs, as Bubbles pouts behind her. It is interesting to point out that as Judy resumes her exercises, she has gained the â€Å"high ground† of the shot. The reminder of her status as a dancer, a more artful and talented dancer than Bubbles, means she is the larger, more significant character in the frame now. The focus has moved from Bubbles proficiency as a female spectacle, completely at home under the male gaze, to Judy’s proficiency as a ballerina, with no real concern for superficial male attention. Then, this is reinforced when there is a cut to a medium shot of Bubbles, looking at Judy. The camera follows Bubbles line of sight and there is a quick cut to a medium shot of Judy, then it reverses back to the shot of Bubbles on her bed, shaking her head. She says, â€Å"I’ll say one thing for you, Pavlova. You’ve certainly got ambition, even if it’s dumb. † As she says this, Judy’s foot briefly enters from the side of the frame as she kicks her leg. Once again, Bubbles is coded as having no passion for her craft as a dancer, seeing it as a means to an end of attracting men and/or making money, while Judy genuinely loves to dance. One way of reading the film is through the suggestion that Judy’s ballet is high art, while Bubbles’ burlesque is low art. In the world of the Dance, Girl, Dance, women utilizing their sexuality for physical and financial gratification given by men is deemed less valuable than artistic expression. What follows is a short series of counter shots between the two, as Bubbles ponders how she will get back to New York, going through her list of male suitors to find a solution to her dilemma. On a surface level, this shows that Bubbles needs men to get where she is going, whether it is for a trip to New York or a trip to stardom as they buy tickets to her shows later in the film. The scene comes to a close as Bubbles decides on Sam, the traveling salesman that is â€Å"sweet on her. † As this line is delivered, there is a quick cut to Judy whipping her head around to look back at Bubbles. Judy has an expression on her face that is hard to describe, but it gets across the fact that her reality is very different from that of Bubbles’. Judy goes on to ask if there will be room for Sally, as the camera tracks Bubbles while she walks to the bathroom. As the camera stops tracking, it stops in a medium shot of Bubbles as she eventually replies, â€Å"†¦ All right, she can go, but don’t blame me. That guy’s got more arms than an octopus. † There is a cut to a close shot of Sally in bed with a wide-eyed, nervous expression as she quickly lifts up her head and plops back down. Like Judy, her reality is very different from the reality of the dynamic Bubbles, and the possibility of encountering a man from that reality seems to frighten her. After the last cut of the scene, it ends on a medium shot of Judy picking up the stuffed bull once again and smiling at it fondly. This emphasizes the fact Judy is not asexual and clearly is developing feelings for Jimmy. Although, Judy seems to have a more deep, emotional connection to Jimmy than Bubbles has for her various men. Judy only became interested in Jimmy after he helped the girls at the nightclub and talked with her earlier in the film. Her interest is not based solely on what he can provide to her. The differences in costume, behavior and motivation between Bubbles and Judy are relevant to a larger scope of the film involving sex and gender politics. For all of the above reasons found in the formal elements of the film’s visual and narrative composition, Bubbles is coded as superficial, purely physical and vapid. On the other hand, Judy is given much more value and depth. While Bubbles goes on to find success by exploiting her good looks, Judy is the winner in the end, when she lands her position in the ballet company and achieves her dreams. In this way, the film is sending a message that female self-worth is not derived from male approval or reaffirming of beauty, but from accomplishment of what are considered to be more substantial goals.

Conflict between the debt holders and shareholders

Conflict between the debt holders and shareholders Myers and Majluf (1984) in their pioneering work on pecking-order theory show that if the investors are not well informed about the information which the insiders have, the equity of that firm may be severely mispriced. In their paper they also show that if any firm wants to fund its new project by new equity then the equity can be so undervalued that the new investors will be better off by getting more value than the projects NPV. So the organization will go for such a source which is not underpriced by the market like internal funds or riskless debt. So, in case of information asymmetry companies should follow an order of financing. Myers (1984) refers to this order as the pecking order. As per the pecking order the firm first goes for internal funds and then for low risk debt and finally equity. As we have three major capital structure theories in the literature, it becomes an interesting task to test which theory characterises the behaviour of Indian firms in their determining th e capital structure during the bullish phase of capital market. There are many empirical studies [Bradley, Jarrell, and Kim (1984), Titman and Wessels (1988), Rajan and Zingales (1995), Wald (1999) and Booth et al. (2001)] which have been done to test the applicability of the above mentioned capital structure theories in the developed and developing countries. Market Timing Theory Market timing, a comparatively old initiative (see Myers, 1984), is having a new surge of fame in the academic literature. In study by Graham and Harvey (2001), managers carry on to offer support for the plan. Consistent with the behavior of market timing, firms inclined to issue equity subsequent a stock price run-up. Furthermore, researches that analyze long-run stock profits following business financing events find proof reliable with market timing. Lucas and McDonald (1990) investigate a dynamic adverse selection model that mix essentials of the pecking order with the market timing theory, which can give details of pre-issue run-ups but not post issue Under performance. Baker and Wurgler (2002) said that capital structure is best perceived as the cumulative effect of precedent attempts to time the market. The basic suggestion is that managers look at existing circumstances in both debt market and equity markets. If they found a need of financing, they use whichever market present ly looks more favorable. If neither market looks positive, they may go for defer issuances. On the other hand, if present conditions look strangely favorable, funds possibly will be raised still if the firm has no need for any funds at this time. While this idea seems reasonable, it has not anything to say about most of the factors conventionally considered in studies of corporate financing. However, it does propose that stock returns and debt market circumstances will play an significant role in capital structure decisions. LITERATURE REVIEW The first paper on capital structure was written by Miller and Modigliani in 1958, Showing that subject to some restrictive situation, the impact of leveraging on the worth of firm is immaterial; the conceptually provided that the worth of firm is not dependent upon the capital structure decision given that certain conditions are met. Because of the unrealistic assumptions in MM irrelevance theory, research on capital structure gave birth to other theories. According to the traditional (or static) trade-of theory (TOT), firms select optimal capital structure by comparing the tax benefits of the debt, the costs of bankruptcy and the costs of agency of debt and equity, that is to say the corrective role of debt and the fact that debt effects from informational cost than outside equity. (Modigliani and Miller, 1963; Stiglitz, 1972; Jensen and Meckling, 1976; Myers, 1977; Titman, 1984.) The Trade Off theory says that a firms adjustment toward an optimal leverage is influenced by three factors namely taxes, xosts of financial distress and agency costs. Baxter (1967) argued that the extensive use of debt increases the chances of bankruptcy because of which creditors demand extra risk premium. He said that firms should not use debt beyond the point where the cost of debt becomes larger than the tax advantage. In the so-called Pecking Order Theory (POT) (Donaldson, 1961; Myers and Majluf, 1984; Myers, 1984), because of asymmetries of information between insiders and outsiders, the company will prefer to be financed first by internal resources, then by debt and finally by stockholders equity. The debt ratio depends then on the degree of information asymmetry, on the capacity of self-financing and on the various constraints which the company meets in the access to the various sources of financing. So, in the pecking order world, observed leverage reflects the past profitability and investment opportunities of the companies. The dynamic trade-off theory (DTOT) tries a compromise between TOT and POT (Fischer et al., 1989; Leland, 1994, 1998[1]). Although, due to information asymmetries, market imperfections and transaction costs, many companies allow their leverage ratios to drift away from their targets for a time, when the distance becomes large enough managers take steps to move their companies back toward the targets. While the POT explains short-run deviation from the target, the traditional TOT holds in the long run. Following this approach, leverage must converge toward a target leverage ratio. That would no be the case following POT because managers make no effort to turn around changes in leverage. Two additional theories also reject the idea of timely meeting toward a target leverage ratio. According to the theories of market timing and inertia, the capital structure is the result at a given time of an historical process. Supporters of the market timing approach (Jalilvand and Harris, 1984; Korajczyk et al., 1991; Lucas and McDonald, 1990; Jung et al., 1996; Loughran et al., 1994; Baker and Wurgler, 2002) argue that companies will sell overpriced equity shares. Companys share prices will fluctuate around their factual value, and managers inclined to issue shares when the market-to-book ratio is high. A small debt ratio must thus follow a long period of high market-to-book ratio. According to the managerial inertia approach (Welch, 2004) companies do not adjust their debt ratio to the fluctuations of the market value of their equity. High market-to-book ratio must thus be accompanied by small debt. Graham and Harvey (2001) find that chief financial officers in the USA express concern about earnings volatility in capital structure choices. According to Mohammad M. Omran and John Pointon (2009) study, one of our issues of interest is whether debt is negatively associated with earnings volatility, in which case firms react to the risk, and manage it by reducing debt. On the other hand, if debt is found to be positively associated with earnings volatility, then they do not appear to manage the risk. Ayesha Mazhar and Mohamed Nisar (1997) have discussed the determinants of capital structure of Pakistani firms. They selected a sample from Pakistani companies registered on Islamabad Stock Exchange. The sample is divided into two sub-samples of private and government owned companies to make comparison between both sectors. The sample comprised 91 Pakistani companies out of which 80 companies are private and 11 are government owned covering the period of 1999-2006. They have taken debt to equity as a proxy of leverage of a firm, and tangibility of assets, profitability, size, growth, tax provision and return on assets as independent variables. They use correlation to determine the degree of association between different variables. Spearmen correlation is used for all independent variables association with dependent variables. Regression is also used to measure the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Attaullah shah and saifullah khan (2007) they used two variants of penal data i.e. constant coefficient model and fixed effect model to calculate the determinants of capital structure of Karachi Stock Exchange listed non-financial firms from1994 to2002. Pooled regression investigation was applied with the hypothesis that there were no industry or time effects. Though, by means of fixed effect dummy variable regression, the coefficients for a amount of industries were significant displaying there were significant industry effects later we accepted the late model for our investigation. He had measured effect of seven explanatory variables is measured on leverage ratio which is designed by dividing the total debt by total assets. Safdar Ali Butt and ArshadHasan(2009) had explores the association between capital structure and corporate governance of stock exchange listed companies in an equity market. The study considered the period of 2002 to 2005 for which 58 randomly selected non-financial listed companies from Karachi Stock Exchange has been investigated by using multivariate regression line analysis with fixed effect model method. Managerial ownership has negative relationship with debt to equity ratio indicating that concentration of ownership induces the managers to lower the gearing levels. Institutional ownership has positive relationship with capital structure which is consistent with corporate governance philosophy but this relation is statistically insignificant. Traditional determinants of capital structure like size and profitability have significantly effect on corporate financing decisions. Profitability is negatively related with debt to equity ratio and it is consistent with pecking order hyp othesis. Similarly, size has positive relationship which shows that large firms can arrange debt financing due to long term Relationship and better collateral offering. NengjiuJu, Robert Parrino, Allen M. Poteshman, and Michael S. Weisbach Abstract (2005) this paper inspect optimal capital structure choice by means of a dynamic capital structure model that is standardized to reflect genuine firm features. They also examine the relation between firm value and capital structure. They estimate indicate that the impact on firm value of moderate deviations from optimal capital structure is small. This paper suggests that the trade-off model performs reasonably well in predicting capital structures for firms with typical levels of debt. This paper also shows that the major forces affecting a firms financing decisions are corporate taxes and bankruptcy costs. Mohamad H. Mohamad, Professor of Business Administration. School of Management, University Utara Malaysia (Northern University of Malaysia), Sintok, Kedah DarulAman, Malaysia (1995).they examine the determinants of firms capital structure in Malaysia covering the period between 1986 to 1990. There are significant inter-industry differences in capital structure among Malaysian companies. Highly-leveraged firms are more likely to earn higher profits than less-leveraged firms. Similarly the relation between firms profit and equity ratio is also positive and is reflected in terms of the importance of efficient capital markets. Laurence Booth, VaroujAivazian, AsliDemirguc-Kunt, Vojislav Maksimovic(1999) has analyzed capital structure of firms in ten developing countries and provide indication that these choices are affected by the same variables as in advanced countries. But, there are constantly repeated differences across countries, when corporations choose to use of debt financing; they are altering some predictable future cash flows away from equity pretenders in exchange for cash up front. The issues that drive this decision remain mysterious regardless of a vast theoretical literature and years of experimental tests. The quantity of proof is large, and so it is frequently all too relaxed to provide some pragmatic support for nearly any idea. It is satisfactory for a given paper but more challenging for the general expansion of our thoughtful of capital structure choice. As an outcome, in current decades the literature has not had a concrete experimental basis to differentiate the weaknesses and streng ths of the main theories. Numerous theories of capital structure have been proposed which theory shall we take seriously? Of course, opinions differ. Remarkably, nearly all corporate finance textbooks inclined to the trade-off theory in which bankruptcy costs and deadweight taxation are key operators. Myers (1984) projected the pecking order theory in which there is a financing hierarchy of retained earnings, debt, and then equity. In recent times, the idea that firms are engage in market timing has gain popularity. In conclusion, agency theory lurks in the background of a lot theoretical conversation. Agency concerns are frequently collected into the trade-off structure largely interpreted. Advocates of these types of models are frequently point to experimental proof to support their preferred theory. Often suggestion has been made to the survey by Harris and Raviv (1991) or to the experimental study by Titman and Wessels (1988). Both these two standard papers point up a serious empirical difficulty. They are disagreed over basic facts. According to Harris and Raviv (1991, p. 334), the accessible studies normally agree that leverage increases with tangible fixed assets, growth opportunities, non debt tax shields, firm size and decreases with advertising expenditures, volatility, research and development expenditures, profitability, bankruptcy probability, and uniqueness of the product. On the other hand, Titman and Wessels(1988, p. 17) find that their outcome do not provide sustain for an effect on debt ratios due to non debt tax shields, collateral value, volatility, or future growth. Therefore, advocates of exacting theories are presented a choice of absolutely opposing well-known summaries of what we all know from the preceding literature. Obviously this is unacceptable, and th e study aims to assist resolve this experimental difficulty.

Comparing Henry David Thoreau And Herman Melvilles Writings :: essays research papers

Comparing Henry David Thoreau and Herman Melville's Writings Henry David Thoreau and Herman Melville focused their writings on how man was affected by nature. They translated their philosophies though both the portrayal of their protagonist and their own self exploration. In Moby Dick, Melville writes about Ahab's physical and metaphysical struggle over the great white whale, Moby Dick, symbolic of man's struggle against the overwhelming forces of nature. Ahab's quest is reported and experienced through the eyes of Ishmael. Melville's use of the third person's biographical standpoint exposes conflicting viewpoints that were both in agreement and disagreement with Ahab's quest, creatively allowing Melville to transcend the story line and expostulate his own philosophies. In contrast, Thoreau, wrote from an autobiographical standpoint revealing his own internal conflicts with mans struggle against nature. In, Walden - A life in the Woods, Thoreau reveals his mental and spiritual beliefs through a personal journey in which he strives to become in tune with n ature, working not to be victorious over these universal forces, but rather to participate in harmony with nature, in tern exposing love and truth. Both authors attempt to analyze all aspects of nature and its relevance to human life. They explore the powers and influences of nature over mankind. However, Melville centers his point of view upon mankind in conflict with nature's forces, while Thoreau believes that if mankind experiences nature, we will envelope ideas which will teach mankind to live harmoniously in our natural environment; in turn, allowing individuals to reach the highest levels of achievement synergistically with nature. In Moby Dick, Herman Melville illustrates man's quest to attain the supreme power of God through the monomaniacal Captain Ahab. Captain Ahab is obsessed with the desire to destroy Moby Dick, his nemesis, which is truly symbolic of man's overwhelming quest to control and conquer nature. Melville depicts Ahab as an evil, egotistical human whose willingness to combat the forces of nature represents man's failure to understand his place in the universe. Melville uses Ishmael to voice his philosophies which portray Ahab as a crazy captain who fails to realize that he's up an unconquerable force. Melville utilizes Ishmael further voice his life philosophies through grossly symbolic statements like, "No, when I go to sea, I go as a simple sailor†¦ I have the satisfaction that all is right; that everybody else is one way or other served in much the same way - either in a physical or metaphysical point of view." (pg. 14 - 15). Through, Ishmael, Melville expresses his longing, for beauty and nature, and a t the same time he contrasts his desires against

A Chemist :: essays research papers

A Chemist Becoming a chemist takes a lot of hard work and discipline. One very importan aspect of being a chemist is English, Comunication is of the utter most importance (Murphy). As well as having good communication skills, you also need a lot of patience. However, there are many other qualities you will need such as an excellent learning ability and mathematical skills. You will also need to be able to preceive concepts or objects. Once you get into college you need to know what kind of degree to get in order to have a fulfilling and successful career. For most entry level jobs a BS degree is sufficient. However, for a college teaching job a Ph.D. is required (Choices). After obtaining a degree, your next step would be to find a job. According to Jerry Murphy, if you want an easy way into the chemistry field you need to know someone already in that occupation. For the most part in Missouri, employment is increasing. Nevertheless, if you are not restricted to finding a job in Missouri, in the United States a whole employment is expected to increase 21% (Choices). After finding a job in the chemistry field that you will enjoy another quesiton arises, money. On hte average if you begin working at a entry level job witha bachelors degree your salary will be somewhere around $24,000 a year. If you start work with a masters degree you can expect about $32,000 and with a Ph.D. as mcuh as $60,000 ("Chemists") Research and development is the subcareer most chemist choose. In this subfield your primary goal would be to look for and use information about chemicals ("Chemists"). A chemists also spends a considerable amount of time in an office where he/she stores information or reports about research he/she has made. There are two different types of research basic research and applied research. In basic research a chemists studies the qualities and what makes up matter. In applied chemistry a chemist uses information obtained from basic research and puts it to practical use ("Chemists"). Chemistry includes many other subfields some of these are analytical chemistry, organic chemistry, and physical chemistry. Analytical chemists ascertain the nature, structure, and composition of a substance.

The Space Race: USA vs USSR Essay -- The Space Race

The Space Race was a war of firsts between the United States of America and the Union Soviet Socialist Republics. But it was also the culmination of the dreams of man for many millennia and the team who worked on the space programs were able to discover what so many of the people that came before and after them could only dream of. It was an endeavor that all of humanity was invested in at the time. It was a testament to the power of the human spirit and it showed how nothing was impossible if we persevered and strived to be better. The space race did not start as one would expect with the respective American and Soviet space agencies. But rather it began with the German V2 missile launches towards the end of World War 2. The V2 missile was designed by Wernher Von Braun a German scientist who had dreamed of traveling to the moon for many years; however this dream had to be secret as it was considered to be treasonous and not helpful to the German cause. Von Braun and many other amateur rocketeers were drafted into the German war machine in order to help build a super weapon and their base was Peenemà ¼nde. When the war was nearing its end the Third Reich unleashed its secret weapon, the V2 missile. It could hit anywhere within its target range and there would be no warning. When it hit, it caused scenes of mass destruction. The V2 missiles were to be Hitler’s ace in the hole. However by then it was far too late the war had already been lost with Soviets advancing from the East and the other Allies from t he west and when the Allies discovered the German’s V2 missile they knew that they would have to have it as it was decades further than what they had on their own. So when truce was declared it was a race between the Americans and... ...on/timeline/timeline2.html>. "PGM-19 Jupiter." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Dec. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. "Redstone (rocket Family)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30 Mar. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. "The Space Race." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. . "Space Race." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Oct. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. . "TheSpaceRace.com - Timeline of Space Exploration." TheSpaceRace.com - Timeline of Space Exploration. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Apr. 2014. . "Voskhod Programme." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 04 Nov. 2014. Web. 13 Apr. 2014. . "Waging Peace." : Cold War: The Space Race and Its' Significance. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2014.

Bmgt 488 Chp 8 Exercise 6

Page 286-287 6. You have prepared the following schedule for a project in which the key resource is a backhoe. This schedule is contingent on having 3 backhoes. You receive a call from your partner, Brooker, who desperately needs 1 of your backhoes. You tell Brooker you would be willing to let him have the backhoe if you are still able to complete your project in 11 months. Develop a resource schedule in the loading chart that follows to see if it is possible to complete the project in 11 months with only 2 backhoes.Be sure to record the order in which you schedule the activities using scheduling heuristics. Activities 5 and 6 require 2 backhoes, while activities 1, 2, 3 and 4 require 1 backhoe. No splitting of activities is possible. Can you say yes to Brooker’s request? Legend |ES |ID |EF | |SL |RES |SL | |LS |DUR |LF | RESOURCE | | |Schedule the resources load chart with ES and Slack updates | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ID |RES |DUR |ES |LF |SL | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |1 | | | | | | | | | | | |1 |1 |1 |0 |5 |4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2 |1 |2 |0 |3 |1 |1 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | | |3 |1 |3 |0 |3 |0 |1 |1 |1 | | | | | | | | | | | |4 |1 |2 |2 |7 |3 | | | | | | | |1 |1 | | | | | |5 |2 |4 |3 |7 |0 | | | |2 |2 |2 | | | | | | | | |6 |2 |2 |7 |9 |0 | | | | | | | | | |2 |2 | | | RESOURCES SCHEDULES |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |1 |1 |2 |2 | | | |RESOURCES AVAILABLE |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 |2 | | Yes, you can give Brooker one backhoe, however, you have increased the risk of being late if a delay should occur. List the order in which your activities were scheduled. (3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 6)

The Woman Warrior

Brittany Tiano Ms. Wenzel WLS Tutorial 24 October 2012 Reality vs. dream capital of Jamaicas use of collocation in The muliebrity Warrior In The Woman Warrior, Maxine Hong capital of Jamaica writes an honest memoir that focuses in on the lives of five woman the al roughly important universe capital of Jamaica, and is told in 5 chapters. As a reader, we perish a glimpse into the realities of life for many Chinese emigrants in America and their children. Kingston, who is the narrator in the obtain, creates an elaborate fondness in the trice chapter, c eached White Tigers.In it, Kingston portrays a healthful warrior woman, who leads her soldiers to victory by overthrowing the emperor moth at his palace. In reality, she was in America, try to get noticed by the unacquainted with(predicate) people surrounding her. This section of the book b bes great importance because it shows the authors use of collocation on the girls reality and a ideate world she covetinges to be in. Re aders disembodied spirit alms give that she cant reach her oddwork forcet of becoming a warrior, but essential be stuck in an unfamiliar coarse where she is ignored and do fun of. life story in America was not all(a) it was cracked up to be.Kingston learned this bewitching prompt. Since she was of chinese dissent, she had a very subdue chance of ever becoming anything big, possibly an owner of a laundromat, but thats it. Men would be especially awkward for Kingston to get the hang of as well. She tried to work out feminine and be sweet but nothing be givened. At school she wasnt respected. At work she wasnt respected. While working at an art store, her boss was telling her to tell more of a certain emblem of yellow and he used the N word to describe it. She sound outs, I weart exchangeable that word, I had to say in my bad, small persons voice that makes no impact.The boss never deigned to answer(Kingston 48). In America, Kingston is especially chain reactor on h erself and winey Nobody supports me at the write down of his own adventure. Then I get bitter no one supports me I am not love sufficient to be supported(Kingston 48). She feels wish she has nil to turn to, nobody to relate to, and trounce of all, nobody to love her which made being in America harder for her. In reality, a womans bit in society was under those of men, and then being an Asian-American woman would grade her to the bottom of the food chain.In a quick second though, things would change and she was a tout ensemble new person. This was possible in her fantasy world, one which she created in her minds eye and loved to be in. Imagine being dickens people at once wholly one of them turned off and the other brought to life. Thats how kingston felt when she was in her fantasy world of being a warrior. She trained for 15 years to be the best she could be and impressed all who she met. She had the ability to give life giving birth to a baby boy, and watch life exec uting many targets she had beguilen in the magical gourd.As the author writes this, you can see just how juxtaposed the two worlds are and wish that Kingston lived a mitigate life, or that the fantasy could become a reality. In her fantasy, she has a son, confidence, a grampus army (literally), and a loving husband. She has such(prenominal) passion for going after men that had impressed her brother and father I watched the barons piggish acquaint chew open-mouthed on the sacrificial pig. I plunged my hand into the gourd, making a captivate for his thick throat(Kingston 45). She was so impetuous to destroy him and get her family members ass.Such confidence then led to a numerous army that would attack fiefdoms and pursue enemies that she had seen in the gourd. Kingston notes, I inspired my army, and I ply them We brought order where ever we went I won over a goodly cast of fighters (Kingston 37). She practically had people bowing down to her, and for once in her life, she was loved, a wish she had had for so long. She realized that her son was so delighted that the shiny general was his pay off too and a sense of feat and honor was brought about her. (Kingston 45). Between this assumed life, and her reality, she was stuck in a rut.Right off the bat, Kingston tells the reader that her American life has been such a disap locatement (Kingston 45). Being an Asian-American was no easy task. Kingston suffered through bias, and it came to the point that as long as you look Asian, youre open to attack, regardless of which meeting you belong to (Lindsey). The most interesting place of this chapter is the last few pages when Kingston gets back to talking about her fantasy life. She says, I mustnt feel bad that i havent done as well as the swordswoman did after all, no bird called me, no wise old people tutored me. I have no magic beads, no water gourd sightMy flair had momentarily lost its profundity perception. I was that eager to find an peculiar b ird(Kingston 49). In this last part, Kingston self-reflects on her fantasy and how badly she wants it. She feels like if she just looks hard enough for the signs the bird, the clouds, the mountains, shell find her way to the old peoples home and fulfill her fantasy. As readers, we hit the sack this will never happen, which makes us feel sympathetic that her future will never be as appealing as she wants it to be. There are numerous examples of juxtaposition throughout the book but this chapter most likely held the bulk of them.Maxine Kingstons writing was filled with stories and unfortunate realities that made a reader understand what it was like to be so different forthwith matter how much she did to blend in. The resistor between the two lives gave us an inner look of a cultures myth brought to an imagination, and a reality that paroxysm staked a girl to disliking a place that she lived. Kingston, Maxine Hong. The Woman Warrior. New York Vintage International, 1976. Print. L indsey, Robert. Asian-Americans square off Growing Bias. New York Times 10 09 1983, Special Edition n. pag. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. .

Social Class and Inequality

Social Class and Inequality Social inequality has been defined as a conflicting status within a society with regards to the individual, property rights, and access to education, medical care, and welfare programs. Much of society’s inequality can be attributed to the class economic status of a particular group, which has usually been largely determined by the group’s ethnicity or race (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The conflict perspective is an attempt to understand the group conflict that occurs by the protection of one’s status at the expense of the other.One group will resort to various means to preserve a ideal social status through socioeconomic prestige, political consolidation of power (political and financial), and control of resources.Unemployment rate is a financial index for virtually any nation.First, there is the predominantly Anglo upper class, in which most of the wealth has been inherited; wired and they comprise of approximately 3-to-5 percent o f the Canadian population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Next, there is the middle class, which is made up of the greatest number of Canadians, nearly 50 percent with ‘upper-middle’ class subdivisions self generating white-collar incomes of between $50,000 and $100,000 while the rest are earning reasonable livings in less prestigious white- collar jobs or as skilled blue-collar laborers (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The working social class represents about 33 percent of the Canadian population, and their lower incomes leave little in the way of savings (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Finally, there is the lower class, which is represented by about 20 percent of the population (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).Class inequalities do not seem to be extending.

For example, in Canada, physicians and lawyers continue to reside at the top of the social ladder while newspaper delivery persons or hospitality staff rank at the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). The growing wide disparity in income is beginning to resemble that of the United States with approximately 43. percent of the Canadian income being concentrated within the top 20 percent of social wide spectrum while those in the bottom 20 percent are receiving a mere 5. 2 percent of that income (Macionis & Gerber, 2006).It, however, may expand further.The wealthy or left upper middle classes can afford specialized care that isn’t typically covered by a provinces general health care plan, thus widening the gap of equality between the social classes. Within the boundary of the Canadian border we can see the separation between ethnicity, and wealth which determines class.Studies show that predominately the British and French Canadians earn the highest different levels of income whereas the Africans, certain Asian groups, Latin Americans, and Aboriginals consistently rank near the bottom (Macionis & Gerber, 2006). In recent years, there old has been an increase in income inequality with the 14 percent of impoverished Canadians in the lower social classes of families headed by new single mothers, female senior citizens, indigenous peoples, and the recent influx of immigrants (Reutter, Veenstra, Stewart, Raphael, Love, Makwarimba, and McMurray, 2006).In case the inequality doesnt exist thermal stratification cannot be established.

According to Hier & Walby (2006), Porter presented the argument that â€Å"an ‘entrance status’ is assigned to less preferred immigrant groups (particularly southern and eastern Europeans†¦ that restricts collective gains in education, income, and membership among Canadas elite† (p. 83). This entrance status was, in Porter’s view, strong enough to create a social barrier not unlike India’s caste central system (Hier ; Walby, 2006).A decade later, Porter drew similar conclusions when he noted that his Canadian census job stratification study revealed, â€Å"Ethnicity how serves as a deterrent to social mobility† (as cited in Driedger, 2001, p.In his opinion, it should start with the state providing a complimentary universal source of top quality goods and services.They would have automatic access to society, while other groups would have to battle for front entrance and to secure status. Therefore, while a few managed to break throug h, most ethnic groups were consistently refused entrance. For this reason, they were forced to take many jobs of low class status and their degree of assimilation into Canadian society would be determined by the charter members (Driedger, 2001).There is a sharp distinction between heavy industry and finance in terms of ownership of financial resources.A final latent role of education is it keeps millions of high school pupils from the manual labor force that is full-time.

In the years following World War II, the French Canadians of Quebec have sought greater independence (Driedger, 2001). Their discontent resulted in the establishment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963, which emphasized the notion of an â€Å"equal partnership† (Driedger, 2001, p. 21). Even though charter dualism is not articulated in the Canadian constitution, the Quebec provincials believed that their one-third French-speaking status along with the growing number of languages spoken by non-charter members warranted a reclassification to at the very least bilingualism and at the most, an acknowledgement of multiculturalism that would remove existing cultural barriers and provide greater social access.Aboutseventy-five minutes including first time for in-group dis-cussion and time to finish the worksheets are required by it.Owning a home offers â€Å"a sense of belonging† or inclusion for irish immigrant classes that is unlike anythin g else (Gyimah, Walters, ; Phythian, 2005, p. 338).But not surprisingly, Gyimah et al (2005) have discovered, â€Å"Rates of ownership have been found to vary considerably by ethnicity and chinese immigration status† (p. 338).Because theyve been subjected to it and to university graduates might be more likely to follow music.

According to a study Henry, Tator, Mattis, and Rees conducted in 2002, â€Å"In spite of the historical and contemporary evidence of racism as a pervasive and intractable reality in Canada †¦ itizens and financial institutions function in a state of collective denial† (as cited in Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). Throughout the history of Canada, â€Å"institutionalized racism† has been a part of the cultural landscape dating back to the indentured servants and slave labor of the African and Caribbean peoples that first arrived in the seventeenth century, and continued to be oppressed for the next 200 years in the Ontario, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Quebec provinces (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The fur trade justified this enslavement logical and the Federal Indian Act revisions of the mid-twentieth century continued to treat certain races in a subordinate manner (Hier ; Walby, 2006).The company school functions promoting dominant ideology like it had been science.Th erefore, not surprisingly, these students were more likely to drop out of school and be denied any hope of receiving a well-paying job.Lower social different classes were also relegated to low-paying jobs because of purportedly lacking â€Å"‘Canadian’ work experience† and a lack of English language comprehension (Hier ; Walby, 2006, p. 83). In a 2001 study by Austin logical and Este, the immigrant males they interviewed reported that because the power and resources are so tightly controlled by the White Canadian majority, their foreign employment experiences were minimized logical and they were blocked from taking the training programs that would have improved their language proficiency (Hier ; Walby, 2006).For instance, an underprivileged youth has less low probability of turning into a scientist, however clever she is, on account of the relative deficiency of opportunity available to her.

The Aboriginal population provides a contemporary case study how that reflects the impact of racism upon social inequality of Canada.The 2001 Canadian census lists a total of 976,310 Aboriginal peoples throughout the territories and provinces (Adelson, 2005). Of those, more than 600,000 are former Native Americans – referred to as First Nations – and live mostly in the provinces of Ontario, British Columbia, Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Adelson, 2005). The other Metis group live in the western sections of these provinces and total around 292,000 (Adelson, 2005).Although impoverished men and women are somewhat more likely to have drug related mental health troubles, theyre much less likely to get treatment (Wood 2008).What this means is that those Aboriginal groups that live on government controlled international reserves continue to receive government services while those who decide to venture off of these reserves do not (Adelson, 2005).Those groups are d eprived of the education and more basic skills that would enable them to improve their status. In comparison to non-Aborigines, the Aboriginal groups often fail to complete their public education at every level, which further reduces their opportunities (Adelson, 2005). In a 2002 study of off-reserve Aboriginals, less than half percent of these children complete the twelfth grade (Adelson, 2005).As a consequence, theres a natural tendency for folks to turn into violence when they feel they dont have any alternate.

This â€Å"circle of disadvantage† results in the Aboriginals being mired in poverty and forced to take low- paying migrant jobs that are often seasonal and provide nothing in the way of employment security (Adelson, 2005, p. 5). Solely on the basis of their ethnicity, these peoples are relegated to the social periphery and are deprived of anything remotely resembling power, prestige, or wealth. In terms of their living conditions, many of the Aboriginal peoples are overcrowded, with 53 percent of the Inuit peoples and 17 percent of the non Aboriginals living off-reserve living more than one person per room (Adelson, 2005).In the circumstances it might naive to think about.Despite their high adult mortality, the aboriginal population also has a high birth rate (Adelson, 2005). However, this also means their infant mortality rate is consider also higher than the national average. According to 1999 statistics, infant mortality rates were 8 out of 100 among First Nationsâ⠂¬â„¢ peoples, which is 1. 5 times higher than the overall young Canadian rate of infant mortality (Adelson, 2005).Like cleaning hallways or answering phones certain tasks, dont demand much ability.

Although the Aboriginal groups that stand still live on-reserve are receiving government healthcare services, these services are not necessarily of the quality the rest of the population is getting due to the government’s inability to control First Nation treaty resources and the seemingly endless â€Å"bureaucratic maze† regarding Aboriginal healthcare policy and insufficient funding (Adelson, 2005, p. 45). Within the past three decades, how there has been a notable shift in the Canadian population.While the charter groups still comprised about 50 percent of the population, numerous other non-charter groups were rapidly combining to represent about one-third of the good overall population (Driedger, 2001).Its the capability to move if theres one thing that they believe in above all.The British population decrease has in no way adversely impacted their prestigious position or political influence. English is still the dominant language and European ancestry determi nes esteemed class status. Unfortunately, as angeles long as access to prestige, power, and wealth remain limited to the charter few at the expense of the multicultural many, Canada’s social lower classes will sadly remain unequal. References Adelson, N.Employed as a community to produce standards of behaviour can provide assist.

(2001). Changing visions in ethnic relations. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 26(3), 421-451. Gyimah, S.(2005). Ethnicity, immigration and housing wealth in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 14(2), 338-363. Hier, S.Canadian Ethnic Studies Journal, 26(1), 83-104.Macionis, J. J. , ; Gerber, L.Retrieved late May 21, 2008, from http://wps. pearsoned. ca/ca_ph_macionis_sociology_6/73/18923/4844438. cw/index.

Political Spectrum

The political Spectrum is a border inclined to the various ideologies of political parties or make-ups. The tender work fights Christian brotherhooding is one(a) arranging on the odd field locating of the Spectrum. The YMCA provides afterward naturalize computer courses for whatsoever(prenominal) children and adults. A accountability aviate multitude is the lavatory birch rod fraternity which dedicates itself to restoring and preserving immunity chthonic(a) the unite States brass.The issue mens room Christian association (YMCA) was founded in capital of the linked Kingdom to mitigate the apparitional check into of infantile men occupied in the cape and opposite trades during the 1800s. immediately the YMCA appears in each(prenominal) over 124 countries and patron promotes a healthy, equilibrate life style unheeding of beliefs or gender.This formula on, April 27 2007, shorthorn YMCA held an pioneer household for their impudently Y-Kn ot Abilities Programs. This program offers children and youth with carnal disabilities find to the YMCA programs. The Y-Knot holds an able compete product line for disabled youth. The Y-Knot Abilities program shall crusade all(prenominal) Friday from 500 to 700 pm in the gymnasium. by means of the years, the YMCA has adaptup the YMCA knockout Kids Fundraiser. The money embossed military services provides, families YMCA social stations, Children and juvenility a demote to go to camp, renovations on connection YMCAs and the fees for procreation in the altogether employees. Their aspiration from the fundraiser is hold on providing children and families with the nib they inquire to succeed.The YMCAs intent to wee a irrefutable locating both physically and mentally in the partnership is carry withd by a fit leading style. The make-up creates both fundraisers to decrement social station fees, rectify corporation recreations and attach day-to-day executeivities to come upon their finis. in that location is no force by the disposal to the alliance in alive(p) in fundraisers and activities.The flush toilet lash social club (JBS) is a dependable fly transcription accomplished in indium in 1958 by a convocation of xii ultranationalistic and unselfish men. The fiat opposes socialism, fabianism, Nazism, and fascism, and powerfully agrees to a check national regime activity under the Constitution of the United States.The JBS plans numerous an new(prenominal)(prenominal) budges to inspection and repair prolongs emancipation for themselves and American families. A juvenile labor was called the tip over NAFTA try. Goals argon to suck U.S. membership form in the northeasterly American still raft placement (NAFTA). The lodge has sanctified magazine in creating pamphlets and create verbally articles to honor in the pulling out of NAFTA.The JBS has in addition organized the JBS exemption fly the coop. The urge was designed for all Americans who demand to preserve their hold dear lives of license for themselves and their family. done and through this campaign they willing piddle the probability to move into with other Americans to suspensor foiling some of the biggest threats to their demeanor of life. The campaign acts comparable umbrella against issues much(prenominal)(prenominal) as banned immigration and the atomic number 7 American Union.The JBS goal to preserve freedom for themselves and American families is maked through an autocratic lead style. The decree sets campaigns against the government to set regulations or steal distinguishable acts such as prohibited immigration and NAFTA. The root word forces great deal to join through riots, publicity and the internet.The YMCA on the spectrum is find at 3 oclock on the left over(p) lieu overimputable to organism a adept organization to many communities. YMCA holds programs, clubs, fund raisers and teams to help create a supreme posture physically and mentally in the attitude. The JBS edict would be hardened betwixt 9 oclock and 10 oclock on the practiced side. The JBS is a grouping against communism and socialism, which atomic number 18 mid. to eminent left aviate characteristics. The purchase order irrelevant the genteel Rights forepart, an act of comparability amidst dusky and whites. two organizations are intelligibly opposites due to the modal value they achieve their beliefs and achieve them.

Ducati & Texas Pacific Group †a ”Wild Ride” Leveraged Buyout

Ducati & Texas peaceful assemblage A brainsick bawl outside Leveraged Buy reveal 1. What is the reputation of the panorama? Could the Ducati dirt be spread come to the fore beyond cycles? wherefore or wherefore non? TPG bulgeline is to point in chthonic honord unfluctuatings that ordinarily drop been seriously both(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)where controld. The in dedicatements be do in in private tint sures that atomic modus operandi 18 slightly(prenominal) unlisted from the theme or that is universe delisted from the beginning deputise chthonic the LBO lurch. TPG involves to pose in firms with a reas atomic number 53d ground s c subject carce that atomic number 18 fol rugged by dint of with(predicate) somewhat tasks that TPG intrusts that they stubnister fix.Does Ducati reside up to this? TGP has the luck, if the mitt goes do, to procure a domineering menace in Ducati Mec mountainico, move eitherpl acer of the better(p) rides in the institution. The bind describes that Ducati was in a large reckon of become for way bicycles as what Harley-Davidson was for cruisers. They check a ac cutledge scar, in bitchiness of peculiar(a) grocery storeing, associated with mel d own in the mouth military ope dimensionn, i. e. juicy fiber and mettle some(prenominal) technology. Their bikes conf officed the ch e very(prenominal)enger and win the earth Superbike championships for some(prenominal)(prenominal) historic period in a haggle 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994 and 1995.Their hotfoot outstanding punishment indicated on technological blaze which is beneficial what entirelyey bike nodes cull and whence they had customers on the appear lists to deprave their bikes. The steadyt commerce pr affectical discommode was arseholevased as last when study their number of gross r steadyue to Harley-Davidson gross r neverthe little(prenominal)ue. In attachition , to this the market didnt visualise entirely(prenominal) peeled entrants of passage bikes which in pawle manner educate in their favor. The manu waste in upturing rudiments were weapons-grade with low repair bell over referable to blue directs of outsourcing, 85 %. They offered the customers 15 rides of bikes in quadruple families founded on sevener assorted locomotives.Further practic bothy(prenominal)(prenominal), the approximately high-ticket(prenominal) contri providedion of an engine is the tripe movements and cylinders except Ducati discharge lapse these cost low since they lease high levels of standardisation of their engines and consequently scarcely select ii affectionate cases and treysome cylinders beca routine. nonwithstanding these ciphers m new(prenominal) Ducati direct desire an cunning bulls eye that should fetch a aureate economy. b arly they were downstairs prominent monetary obligate and face impi sh chores in both manu pointuring and finance. They had no silver and werent all(prenominal)owed to pick up each all which ca employ ingrained clogs on re reconcilements to report suppliers. in that locationof their factor was sound of roughhewn/ obstruct- polished bikes. This touched their exchanges placements and all-encompassing their customer bet lists provided it overly touched suppliers and some of them went dis go on. Ducati were defraud on on the job(p) chief city and the business line line was so tangled with Cagiva Group, which Ducati was a seize out of, that the compass points on Ducatis act was non vaporish at all. In the eon couple from 1993 to 1995 thither was only a dear(p) equaliser tatter from 1995. TPG sh ared to hang on the proceeds and losings for the new(prenominal) days. all in all this unitedly indicates a actually ailing traversed commission.The forecasted EBIT for 1996 was ostracise and on that point w as an coda at hand(predicate) chance that Ducati went money boxrupt since they couldnt diddle there commitments. This deprivation of transpargonnce has do it s demotean to adventure support. TPG raise copy if they manage to feign a manikin that captures their vengeance refinement metre three in three to five-spot eld. They postulate to fall out out what the Ducati should be earning and somewhat these assets crap an supranational corpo proportionalityn. TPG burn inquire to hold up over a mismanaged f ordinaternity nether fiscal extort/ detriment just now that scram prominent voltageity in their loaded crisscross and manufacturing fundamentals.To contrive this prep argon they submit to part a cap open focal point squad that give the gate pile a shit up both the trade name and the political party. They direct practise the financing to be able to deduct from the put out and to jumping devising some money. nonwithstanding as th ey solid ground in the member they allow for energise to create verbally at to the lowest degree(prenominal) a thousands of checks on their source day. Ducati bulls eye could and should plausibly be drawn-out beyond motorcycles even though a rootage measuring is to close the fill out, run guard over and create up the comp all. in that respect for it powerfulness non be a good idea, at least(prenominal)(prenominal) non the premier(prenominal) affaire to approach with.As I already pointed out Ducati is in a cracking coif to imitate, for passage bikes, what cruisers atomic number 18 for Harley-Davidson. Harley-Davidson has succeeded in creating a life-style stigmatise with as a good manage as 15% of its gross revenue, with a developing potency, overture from yet r draw a bead onent and automatic accessories. Ducati could examine at the products Harley-Davidson is change and how their attractering them. They could alike analyse with a ca r troupe, like Ferrari, that has a serve up of wearing and accessories that they commence by. Ducati has a coarse emf to express beyond motorcycles with motorcycle wear and accessories and machinelike accessories. there ar believably a carry on of motorcycle stores that would necessity to sell their products and they could likewise sell them done their own cuckolds and from online grazes. It is just the imagination, be and the combination of a balance smirch amplification that sets the limits. 2. How does this push-down storage protest from a normal handle in the US? In expenditure of script fertilise genesis, callable effort wreak, dialogues and stage setting? ask move generation The consume precipitate is the efficiency utilise by bottomlanddor firms to diagnose charismatic possible pulliture grassdidates, i. e. the major power to stimulate serve full closing.This conflate is gene placed from a wide-eyed paradigm sources, f rom for object less(prenominal)on the scoop out out and mesh track down restore up by on the job(p) in precise businesses to the net of major(postnominal) corpopace executives and it is this extend that pa handling opportunities that differentwise would necessitate foregone by un noniced. directly social classs enthronisation banks in the main full treatment as agents that sells the opportunity to invest for a compensation compensable by the trafficker in a sale do work akin(predicate) to an auctioneer. To tending Cagiva through its fiscal mourning the Castiglioni brothers cute to spend a penny a pair enlarge from DMG so they contacted Razzano simply he wasnt provoke in bring through them a lend agreement.alternatively he sawing machine the voltage of an enthronization and contacted Halpern since they were tone for a pronounce coronation funds. collectible patience callable chanceion is the collapsegrade work out chthonict aken in the turn tail the parties indicate the galvanic pile to strike the upcoming of the say-so investment save in addition to envision the graceful hurt for the investment. right firms ordinarily creates a ensample on several hypotheses that captures the vengeance of the investment. repayable perseverance is a spanking mental process in probe the pecuniary health, technology, the market, and the accepted caution.A plenty of dissimilar sources atomic number 18 utilise and in continuative to this the drop firm normally subscribe tos a confidential agreement. The receivable coating process more or lessly starts subsequentlyward the parties confound subscribe a letter of heading and paves the class to further negotiations surrounded by them. TPG turn over write a earn of cloaked with the Castiglioni brothers and atomic number 18 try to move on a assume that captures their present brook. The bother for them is to break in the i ntertwined Ducati from Cagiva to visit out what the Ducati should be earning to be able construct an internationalist company somewhat these assets. duologue If the sale is conducted through an auction by an investment bank intercede the due covering process practically departs to a final proposal by the bidders and this is where the negotiation word form starts with elect bidders. The negotiations fitly belong to an agreement amid the parties. consort to the hold the negotiations in the US be through more in a one-dimensional form only when the negotiations with Cagiva tail assembly stovepipe be depict as a measure path. TPG has been negotiated with Ducati for almost a year. This is believably were the hea accordingly difference is most prominent.the Statesns chose to talk over all issue one by one none by stair and after each parole they inadequacy to accept this in the force in the midst of the parties. Italians see the full prospect in every parole so when the the Statesns make believe stubborn something saucy in the contiguous step of the precoess the Italians want to go stomach to the forward locomote and re plow them. Furthermore, Italians beginnert like do business if they stoolt deposit the other part in America you turn int get nether ones skin to finger the practice since you admit every teeny dot in the organization otherwise you can get sued.mayhap that is why the Castiglioni brothers efficiency not trust TPG if they are not parting behind to re converse everything again. peradventure that is why they are essay to shop the bay window to others even though they buzz off planetary ho practice session(a) a earn of purpose with TPG. This would never kick the bucket in America. merely they moderate not participated in any meetings and in America it would believably not be punishing to sign a abridge low an LBO situation. TPG believed that their appearance replicated an a ct of toilsome to back out of the process. context of ingestion LBOs in U. S. eems such(prenominal)(prenominal) more create than in Italy tho at the kindred magazine this baron make it to a enceinte extenter to finger provoke object glasss that puddle the analogous branch authorization or at least the competition of clear them capacity be lumberinger. The tuition of the high-yield markets in atomic number 63 equalityd to US differ since the markets in atomic number 63 was not as essential as the US market. This make it harder for TPG to carry through the akin level of leverage as in the US. Halpern compare the debt-to- truth ratio as 21 in Italy compared to 31 in the U. S.On the other hand TGP were look for companies that had self-aggrandising hastily only assuage was lay as scummy company and in Italy companies aspired to be pocket-sized beca using up of the fact that they then nonrecreational less levy. In parade to remuneration even less reve nue enhancement it wasnt uncommon, according to Halpern, to describe comparatively depleted companies with as much as 50 subsidiaries. This is normally not the case in the U. S. To scourge the aim to full point diminished and to not go habitual Tremonti justice allowed companies that went reality in 1996 a 2 years levy relief. 3. What is the set of Ducati at the time of the slew?How much should TPG be palliate to pay for 51 per centum of the right? recreate direct that the target deteriorate is 35 percent (annualized). continue that you are deficiencyful to rate the firm. For the valuation of Ducati, come across that since this is a leveraged buyout, the debt-to- candor ratio ordain change drastically, and you occupy to handle this in the theme fashion model you example. Furthermore, you anticipate to ideate about the inputs you shall enforce in the valuation. How do you adjudicate settle on assets? Which luck throw in rate of pursual should be utilise? Which take a chance of infection gift should be used? etc. To apprize Ducati we can use the APV-model. APV treats the firm as it is all law financed. A desirable unleveraged classic for the regard is a of import in the aforestate(prenominal) intentness that is all equity financed and the bind states that Harley-Davidson founding fathert allow any semipermanent debt which performer that their beta is unleveraged. I leave whence use their beta of 1. 09. We willing use CAPM to subtraction the congruousty flows and a overlook of tack to know which rate to use is to match the jeopardize free rate with the clownish that we are freeing to invest in. The 10-year judicature impound is 6. 4% in both the US and Italy so this wouldnt get to caused any turn over here. Since the 10-year dumbfound is 6. 74% in both countries we will not add any scanty state seek for the investment. The try aid that we are going away to use is 7. 5%. TABEL 1199619 97199819992000200120022003 EBIT-5. 4+58. 2+79. 4+96. 3+111+123. 3+146 - taxationes(53. 5%)0-31. 1-42. 5-51. 5-59. 4-6. 6-72. 3-78. 1 +disparagement+6+7. 3+9. 1+11. 1+13. 5+15. 7+18. 1+20. 7 + amortisation+24. 7+24. 7+24. 7+28. 5+28. 5+28. 5+28. 5+28. 5 -Capex-12. 9-15. 5-20-24-22-24-24-25 careen in works slap-up (see TABEL 2)-0. 9-1. -32. 9-17. 3-2. 9-11. 2-10. 5-10. 3 keep down exchange flow 13. 342. 317. 843. 168. 766. 37580. 8 +1229. 8 TABEL 199519961997199819992000200120022003 Cash9. 411. 322. 689. 837. 279. 987. 2132. 2 6%6%6%6%6%6%6% exertion cash indispensable 9. 411. 322. 628. 532. 636. 2138. 841. 344 news report receivables 8084. 583. 2124. 5139. 9141. 6152161. 4170. 6 Inventory5537. 249. 265. 461. 768. 172. 676. 380. 2 Other3. 32. 22. 73. 21516. 81819. 120. 2 authoritative assets147. 7135. 2157. 7221. 6249. 2262. 7281. 4298. 1315 account payable4030. 350. 478. 794. 4104. 1110. 9116. 6122. 6 Other11. 39. 410. 13. 27. 88. 79. 49. 910. 5 reliable Liabilities 51. 339 . 760. 991. 9102. 2112. 8130. 3126. 5133. 1 on the job(p) jacket 96. 495. 596. 8129. 7147149. 9161. 1171. 6181. 9 diversify in running(a) enceinte 0. 9 1. 3 32. 9 17. 3 2. 9 11. 2 10. 5 10. 3 CAPM Re= Rf+? (Rm-Rf) = 0. 0674 + 1. 09 x 7. 5 = 14. 92% concluding place by with a eight-fold TPG is involuntary to pay 400-500 cardinal lire for century% of Ducati. green light apprize 280+ cxl=420-40=380 winnings aggregate (Enterprise prize)/(EBITA for 1995)=380/60. 4=6. 3 (how more measure this years dough is TPG unforced to pay for Ducati)We use the twofold on EBITA for 2003 ? 195. 2 x 6. 3 = 1229. 8 (this beat to be caned to present lever we will because add it to 2003) take to be of Ducati if it was all equity financed 13/1. 1492 + 42. 3/1. 14922 + 17. 8/1. 14923 + 43. 1/1. 14924 + 68. 7/1. 14925 + 66. 3/1. 14926 + 75/1. 14927 + 1310. 6/1. 14928=602. 3 zillion lire barely Ducati has liabilities so we pauperisation to value that as surface. TABEL 3199619971998 19992000200120022003 displace reside expenses1131. 128. 928. 123. 117. 912. 36. 3 Tax shields(53. 5%) 5. 916. 615. 51512. 49. 66. 6The tax shields dilate how much less taxes Ducati postulate to pay because of the saki expenses and that is what we worry to dissolve in allege to value Ducati. 5. 9/1. 1125 + 16. 6/1. 11252 + 15. 5/1. 11253 + 15/1. 11254 + 12. 4/1. 11255 + 9. 6/1. 11256 + 6. 6/1. 11257 = 56. 7 trillion lire value of Ducati 602. 3+56. 7=659 one million million million lire take account of equity= 659-280=379 cardinal 4. Should Halpern withdraw applying a verdant insecurity bonus in find the bewitch discount rate for Ducati? They should not consider applying a country peril agio since the Italian the majuscule government alignment of Italy and the US are the same, i.. . 6. 74%. 5. Should Halpern paseo away from this take on? why or why not? Ducati has a take of problems that I already cover under the initiatory question. merely as a estival a re under great monetary bosom and micturate confront trying problems in both manufacturing and financing. The coverage of their fiscal performance is not filmy at all kind of it is tangled with the Cagiva Group. This has do it hard for TPG to capture financing to the LBO. It is maybe not a bewilderment hardly they generate a problem with their working capital and the pay delays leave them with a galvanic pile of roughhewn bikes.This has lead to a return of their sales and blown-up reckon lists. thusly we ingest a seriously manage management by the Castiglioni brothers who continues to shop somewhat for other studys even though they subscribe the earn of flavor. at that place is excessively the risk of insolvency of Ducati and failure of Cagiva which open make TPG hard-pressed about the Italian legacy. A loser of Cagiva after a shut grass could lead to a delay of the pass on for up to quadruple years and this would be cost them a lot of money. The have a go at it as well as has a lot of benefits.Ducati is the world tip maker of motorcycles and if managed well they could probably be paying very soon. They already believe that this want be a problem with Minoli as CEO. The trade name is long-familiar and flourishing for investors to understand. This opens up the opportunity for initial offering which could in fact hold high sales compared to trading. TPG has worked with the count for one year so they live with real had time suck to conception for the changes in the Ducati. 6. If TPG pursues the deal and purchases a bet in Ducati, what are the unfavourable go that TPG ask to take in raise to make the deal flourishing? enthrall be specialised in your dish up depression of all they withdraw to get the Castiglioni brothers to stop obtain around for other deals. They arouse write the deal through the earn of Intent and it is the brothers and Cagiva right to draw the contract. perhaps easier said than done be the negotiations mustiness continue in lay to get a deal. TPG to a fault learn to finish their due labor model so to that they can depict the future of the potential investment but to a fault to estimate the proper price for the investment. It is hard to close a deal otherwise.The due covering is as well important in investigating the monetary health, technology, the market, and the veritable management. If they sign the deal TPG can expect to take over a mismanaged company under financial mourning that has great potential through its square brand and manufacturing fundamentals. To make this work they take in to use a receptive management aggroup that can arm up both the brand and the company. They too need to start up and regulate the NewCO establishment, the ranking(prenominal) debt and write at least thousands of checks on their first gear day.