Policy-Making in the Federal System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Policy-Making in the Federal System - Essay Example The health policy had a lot of benefits attached to it which would have revolutionized the way the health care system in the United States operated(ObamaCareFacts, n.d.). The policy recommends a subsidy given to every American on health insurance. This will mean inclusivity of even citizens who before were not eligible for health insurance enrollment. An additional benefit will be the fact that one cannot be denied the right to have health insurance coverage even if such persons have a pre-existing condition that before could not be insured. The policy also sought to prevent the ability to lose coverage when the illness exacerbates to levels that are uninsurable because of the associated rise in costs. Moreover, the government would provide subsidies to households that have low income to ensure that they also are included in health insurance (ObamaCareFacts, n.d.). The ObamaCare policy would also require employers who have full time employees to register them with health insurance. This ensures that every employee is covered with regards to health insurance. Health care reform in the United States has been the top talking point of every administration since the times Bill Clinton was the leader of the largest economy. Bill Clinton tried to reform the health care policy by requiring every employer to provide their employees with health insurance in 1993 but failed because his policy was termed complex. When Obama took over office, health care reform was among the top four items on his agenda. He instituted bills that led to the passing of the ObamaCare bill.

Correctional system Essay Example for Free

Correctional system Essay Does the conservative approach or liberal approach improve the correctional system. Please explain and give an example Though conservative approach has been criticized greatly over its dominance and operation in the last two decades, it still forms the best approach for crime control and correctional consideration. Over the last two decades, the conservative zero tolerance to crime has achieved a lot by segregating the criminals and correcting them in isolation. According to the pattern theory, it is clear that once a criminal has been established, it is very hard to prevent latter crime. Notably, keeping the criminals in prisons makes it possible for the administration to mobilize resources towards their correction with ease. To add to that, it is much easier to monitor the criminals reform progress. According to the Oklahoma Board of Corrections, John Lilly Correction Centers criminals are able to refocus on their actions and therefore make lifetime decisions to change. In addition, the desire for revenge by the offended reduces greatly when the individuals who committed crime are away from the community. Justice entails holistic evaluation of the scenario and the general re-evaluation that the offender gets due to punishment from his/her actions. According to criminal analysts, the presence of an offender (like a rapist) can hamper the psychological recovery of the offended. Though this system has been highly effective amidst vast criticism, it has the following disadvantages which should be addressed to perfect it. With the criminal correction system taking place at segregated places, there are high chances of minor offenders mixing with hard criminals which can make the formers to assimilate the traits of latter. Therefore, they should be separated and greater surveillance offered to ensure compliance. To add to that, the approach requires vast resources to maintain and effect the correctional measures to the vast prisoners in the US jails. To borrow from the liberals, it would be important to ensure an outward outlook of the correctional approach as a mode of preparing the inmates to get back to the community after the correctional period (Byrne, 2005). 2: Does the restorative justice approach improve the criminal justice system. Please explain and give an example Recently, criminal justice has taken different considerations that indicate possible future changes in the overall application of the justice system. Restorative justice is a broad term which refers to institutionalization of peaceful approaches to addressing harm, problem-solving, and violations. This system has assisted improved criminal justice greatly by bringing the two parties (offender and the offended) to the same table for reconciliation. Under this system the offender seeks reparation directly or indirectly from the offended. Restorative justice assists in addressing all the underlying issues that hold the offended captive until justice is done. During the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa after the oppressive regime of apartheid, it was possible for the offended to totally bring out their anger, grief, pain, and sorrow they encountered during apartheid. As indicated by Piagets theory of personal development, what is in ones mind persists for long until such a time that the correct platform for expression is established. Restorative justice therefore gives people the correct chances to forgive one another totally. As indicated by the South Africa Truth and Reconciliation commission, it becomes much easier to develop better relationship between the offender and the offended after the process. In adversarial legal process and civil litigation processes, lawyers simplify reduce the issues between the offenders and the offended to only legally relevant considerations to protect their clients. However, restorative justice is better in that all aspects are addressed holistically and rehabilitation exclusively undertaken to enhance later coexistence and development. Restorative justice therefore assists in achieving the correct balance between the rights of the offenders and the needs of the victims. Besides, it strikes the balance between the need for rehabilitation of the offenders and the main duty to protect the public from such criminals. This system should therefore be encouraged due to its conterminously acceptable ideals at all levels (Jaimie, 2005). Q3: Does community-based correctional options address crime control? Please explain and give an example. Arguably, community based correction options assist in reducing crime in the society by ensuring that the criminals are reformed in a model that prepares them to be assimilated back to the society. Whereas other correction systems emphasis on the need to harshly treat the offenders for them to realize their mistakes and reform with time, this method is considered to be a softer option as it is based in the community. To add to that, it gives more focus to developmental skills attainment that assist offenders prepare for productive lives after their correction time is over. Oriana House is a community based correction unit that operates in Ohio and Akron. In this CBFS, felony offenders are sentenced to undergo substance abuse treatment, job training, educational services, and cognitive skills that can assist them after completing the community service. The offenders usually get time to mix with the community in various activities and educational programs. This system redirects the focus of an individual to constructive thinking as opposed to destructive format that is achieved by the conservative approach. However, it has been criticized for failing to ensure that strict measures are taken by the corrective system (Curt Anne, 2008). About 5% of the people under the system are likely to recidivate back. Reference list Byrne, J. M. (2005). Crime Control Strategies and Community Change-Reforming The Surveillance vs Treatment Debate. Lowell: University of Massachusetts. Curt, R. Anne, B. (2008). Introduction to Forensic Psychology: Research and Application. New York: Sage. Jaimie, B. (2005). ‘Restoration or Renovation: Evaluating Restorative Justice Outcomes’. 12(1) Psychiatry, Psychology and Law 12(1):185-200

Cultural Media Watch :: essays research papers

Cultural Media Watch A few common assumptions would offer some very general stereotypes which most Americans are probably subjected to each time they tune into their favorite program. The problem with making assumptions based on stereotypes, racism, and bias maybe considered two-fold. Of primary concern should obviously be the narrow-minded and over generalized prejudice which exists in mainstream media culture. Then, of only slightly less distress, would be the willingness of society to accept such demeaning norms. However, within the ‘high definition’ world of television, some prime-time shows are shattering overused typecasting. Although, some are not, also. For instance, one such common immoral stigma would be that only men of European heritage may hold positions of authority; at home and more importantly, in an office. Furthermore, African, Spanish-speaking, and other ethnic Americans will be depicted as second-class citizens. Additionally, women of all races may not hold any high positions of a profession as do their male co-stars. Luckily, most of these false accusations were proven wrong. For this analysis of television diversity, or lack there of, a look at the portrayal of African American men as in their position within a working environment, the dynamics of their family structure, and the overall social implications of such position(s) will be explored. Then, in reflection of the growing population of Spanish speaking people, a look at the near absence may reveal a certain ethnocentric standard of mainstream television. In such culturally dynamic shows as, The Cosby Show and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Afro-American men held such high positions as judges, doctors, and lawyers. Although, these two shows are directly linked to such positive portrayals, that is, almost all characters of the show are Afro-American, they offer an enlightening depiction of ethnic justice. Besides, Euro-American dominated T.V. shows have conquered most major networks since the first picture tube was created. Also seen on these were other non-white characters whom hold an array of savvy jobs and social ranks. As an example, last week, on The Cosby Show, an African-American and a Spanish-American woman sat side by side with a panel of aristocrats while debating about some common social topics, namely women’s liberation. As the show progressed both women seemed to be disregarded through most of the program. However, the show ended when both women eventually became fed-up with the insulting arrogance of their male-coun terparts and verbally reprimanded their ignorance and specifically pointed to such behavior as to why women have become so imbued to eradicate their years oppression.

Last Day at School

The last days of one’s long stay anywhere are usually as sad as memorable. The place oneloves to stay in cannot be left for good (forever) without thoughts that bring tears to theeyes and grief to the hearts. Who will not accept that the college is a place which astudent will never like to leave happily? It was perhaps my saddest experience that Iunderwent on my last day in college, just before the preparatory holidays before the present examination. I got lip early in the morning thinking that I should go to college early and stay there latefinally to say farewell to the mother of knowledge, that is, my college.When I reachedthere on the sunny April morning, the flowers were smiling and the trees were welcomingme by stretching out their branches far into the air. Passing by the flowerbeds along thelong road covered with the most attractive trees of the area, 1 reached the main buildingwhere I was to attend my first class of the day. It was the English language class and thete acher, Mr. Tayyab Siddique, was standing before us smiling in his usual frank andhomely way. He shook his head at us, laughed a little and then kept quiet. †What day is itmy students? he asked us. †Sir, it is Tuesday. † †No,† he replied,† It is the last day for allof us together. † Our teacher taught us a short poem by Wordsworth in a most movingway, and then engaged us in conversation. He recalled some incidents in our class of some minor quarrels and his own anger at them. Then he asked us to forget all past bitterness and be friends again. He brought to our minds some pleasant happenings,especially our outings together into the countryside and our cricket and football matchesin the college grounds.The classes on the last day following the English class were full of interest and funr There was teaching, but there were jokes and discussions too leading to some hearty promises between teachers and students not to forget each other. After the classes, someof us decided to go round the most favourite spots on the campus. The first place we went to was the college cafeteria, the usual centre of refreshments, jokes, gossips and petty quarrels. Mir Sahib sitting at the counter welcomed us feelingour passionate moods.We had some cold drinks and snacks together and exchange^ our addresses and discussed our future plans. As 1 stood up with my class-fellows to leavethe cafeteria, I felt the burden of thoughts and feelings crushing me heavily as we werestepping out amidst the loud talk and clamour (loud confused noise) of other studentseating and drinking and making merry. Inen we started for the college hostel, and passing over the green lawns and throughsymmetrical hedges, reached the New Hostel. There I found several of our juniors,ra year students, perhaps waiting for us anxiously T’^v were clapping and waving a ! envelope directed at us. I went close to them, took the envelope, and at once pened it upto find a beauti fully written invitation to a variety show in the evening. About half an hour later, I returned home from the hostel after a familiar chat with the junior students and other friends. In the evening, I returned to college to watch the variety show in the hostel which was, infact, a farewell show for the departing fourth year students. The singers and actorssurprisingly included our English and science teachers and junior and senior students.Afew guest singers from other colleges also took part in the variety i -†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ -aj-. ime. ThePrincipal and Vice-Principal at the end spoke over the microphone narrating some fine jokes and reproducing some experiences of their stay in the college concerning especiallythe performance of the outgoing fourth year class in studies and sports. And, with the endof the speeches, ended all our formal connections with our beloved college. The teachersand students bade farewell to us with the best of wishes, and we bade farewell to themwith respect and love.From the noises and laughter of the grand gathering in the spreading lawns of the collegewe came out into the stillness of darkness and night. Weighed down with a heavy heartand moving along the lonely road on my bicycle late at night, I was feeling the greatestloss of my life-the loss of college life, for my parents were already planning to send me toa university for post-graduate studies-and the maturity of university life was perhaps nocomparison with the simplicity and innocence of college life

Emotion Appeal Essay

The fallacy of ad hominem is an attack against the person of the one asserting a claim. The assumption made is that, as a consequence of the attack against the person, the claim made by such person is also false. 2. Ad hominem tu quoque This fallacy is possible to occur when a person made two inconsistent statements or a statement inconsistent with a prior action. It is assumed the claim later made is false because of the inconsistency without considering which or whether one of the two statements or actions made is really true. 3. Appeal to consequences of a belief Appeal to consequences of a belief makes the truth or falsity of a claim be based on the consequences that may occur if its truth or falsity is accepted. In this fallacy, if a claim will result to good consequences, it must be true and vice versa. 4. Appeal to authority Appeal to authority exists when a claim is asserted to be true based on the fact that it was made by an authority, who is in fact not an authority on that subject or is not qualified to make such claim. If the person to whom the claim is attributed is actually an authority or an expert, then there is no fallacy. 5. Appeal to emotion Appeal to emotion is the act of stirring one’s emotion to influence a person to accept that a claim is true. 6. Begging the question Begging the question is properly called as reasoning in circles. It involves a premise that contains an assumption that the conclusion is true, thus giving rise to a situation wherein the premise is used to support the truth of the conclusion while the conclusion is used to support the truth of the premise. 7. Confusing cause and effect This fallacy occurs when a person assumes one event to be the cause of another event just because these two events usually occur regularly together, when there may in fact be no justification or proof establishing such causal relation other than the fact that they often occur together. 8. Middle ground The fallacy assumes a position to be true just because it lies in the middle of the two extremes. 9. Red Herring This fallacy is used to direct the attention of the other person away of the main topic of the argument. The argument is diverted from the main issue to another issue which is not relevant, but s introduced under the guise of being relevant to the main issue. 10. Slippery slope This fallacy argues that one event will follow another event without giving a justification why. This usually occurs when the causation is too remote, such as when several other steps, which may not be inevitable, will have to follow before such claimed consequence may arise. 11. Straw man This fallacy occurs when a person attacks a distorted position of another person, as a consequence of which it is assumed that the real or original position is also falsified. 12. Who is to say? In this fallacy, a person asks the question â€Å"who is to say† or other similar questions, but already has a preconceived answer that no one is to say. As a consequence of this, it is accepted that the issue cannot be decided because no one is capable or qualified to decide on it.

Issue Essay GRE Essays

Issue Essay GRE Essays Issue Essay GRE Essay Issue Essay GRE Essay Issue: Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position. I firmly reject this statement. While advicing students to consider their own abilites and strenghts when they look for their own career path is commonplace (or even ecommended), I believe the main purpose of educational institutions in this area is different. I think their Job is to present students with the complete spectrum of careers and Jobs available so that they can, by themselves, choose the one that best suits him. Some may argue that people are too young when they make these big, life changing decisions, and they may be right. After all, it may not be realistic that an 18 year old is ready for that kind of responsibility. Maybe we should only guide them towards areas in which they seem apt. But that takes away too much from them; not only is that a great restriction on their free will, it could crush their dreams. If that was the kind of world in which we lived, Albert Einstein may have never become what he did. While in school, Einstein had terrible grades and flunked most of his clases. Had someone seen that and dissuaded him from phisics, we would certainly live in a different world. Possibly one worst off that the one we live in today. What about Lionel Messi? While being a kid, he had growth hormone deficiency, but e is now one of the best soccer players in the world. And this is somenthig that should be treated equally at home; as the famous quote goes: Education starts at home. My fathers family has a marked engineering tradition, speecificaly in civil engineering. When he chose his undergraduate degree, he went with that tradition even if he wasnt quite sure about it. During his college years, he started to get close to computers and found his passion with them. Now he is one of the top computing researchers in M? ©xico. The bottom line is that nothing maximizes ones chances of succes like passion, interest and pleasure in doing what they do. We could always steer children into the jobs and careers that could maximize their posibilities of succes, but would that make them happy? Could we even know accurately what fields of study they could excel and fail in? Maybe, but why would we? The only thing we should do is show them the world and help them find their calling, whatever that may be; it is, after all, their life to live. Issue Essay GRE By favlab

Components of Cognitive Disorder

Components of Cognitive Disorder According to Hansell (2008), behavioral theories provide a basis that can be used to explain cognitive psychological disorders, such as mental retardation, delirium, dementia, as well as amnesia. Mental organization and thoughts can create a dysfunctional behavior, which leads to subsequent behavioral reactions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Components of Cognitive Disorder specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can also lead to self-destructive, unpleasing behavior, and cognitive impairment. Such conditions include hallucinations, aggression, delusions, mood change, limited memory formation, irritability, or wake and sleep problems (Hansell, 2008). Behavioral therapy is ideal in the treatment of behavioral-related cognitive disorders (Hansell, 2008). For example, the maladaptive thought process of a patient can be disabled through replacing unwanted behaviors with positive desirable ones (Kaplan, Sadock Sadock, 2007 ). Psychiatric and theorists identify emotions as one of the components of cognitive disorders. This component is critical in explaining possible causes of cognitive behaviors in situations where biological, behavioral, and cognitive components fail to provide the causes. The emotional component is a psychodynamic perspective and an explanation of the cognitive impairments (Hansell, 2008). Emotional disturbances may arise from complex environmental expectations and disturbances that an individual is exposed to in many situations. The oversensitivity and overreaction to these disturbances cause automatic negative dysfunctional attitudes that result in emotional distress, causing dissociative cognitive disorders. Dissociative cognitive disorders can be dealt with through avoidance behavior therapy (Kaplan, Sadock Sadock, 2007). Cognitive components are also responsible for cognitive and other psychological disorders (Hansell, 2008). To a large extent, these distortions are responsibl e for causing different psychological cognitive disorders, such as dementia, which is more prevalent with old age. Cognitive deterioration results in exaggeration to emotional responses to situations that are normal. Prolonged exaggerations to normal situations lead to persistent hyper-vigilant state (Hansell, 2008). Persistent hyper-vigilance is detrimental to the mental and physical cognitive well-being of a person due to cognitive deficits. This can lead to cognitive control problems that are detrimental to physical and mental problems. A cognitive component is critical in the treatment of cognitive disorders. Cognitive therapy focuses on distortions that cause cognitive disorders (Kaplan, Sadock Sadock, 2007). According to Hansell (2008), the bodily process contributes immensely to cognitive disorders and other psychological conditions. For instance, stress is capable of disrupting bodily functions (Hansell, 2008). This impairs the normal functioning of the body, causing malada ptive mind cycles. This is explained by the failure of the neuron, to produce necessary chemical that is vital in brain control of the body and mental functions. This results in homeostatic imbalances that cause physical and mental processes impairment.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also important to note that biological insult and neuropsychiatric problems caused by head injuries can cause cognitive impairment (Kaplan, Sadock Sadock, 2007). In addition, abnormal genetic factors can lead to cognitive disorders, such as delirium, amnestic, and dementia. Medical drug prescriptions are a common treatment of biologically-associated psychological cognitive disorders. Neuropsychiatric treatment is advocated for the treatment of biological related disorder (Kaplan, Sadock Sadock, 2007). References Hansell, J., Damour, L. (2008). Abnormal psychology (2nd Ed.). Hoboken, N J: Wiley. Kaplan, H. I., Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A. (2007). Kaplan and Sadocks synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences, clinical psychiatry. Baltimore: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams Wilkins.